Common Components of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Prevention Intervention Programs: A Review of Literature

Abstract

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are the most common yet completely preventable cause of mental disability in the western world.

Objective: The purpose of this integrative literature review is to examine and identify the common elements among varying interventions for FASD prevention that have demonstrated effectiveness for reducing the risk of FASD to better understand what defining features may contribute to the efficacy of the interventions.

Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted. The databases searched included: CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct. Articles were then reviewed to determine if they were appropriate for inclusion based upon content and inclusion criteria.

Findings: Personalized feedback and education, establishment of a therapeutic relationship, replicable and standardized intervention procedures, and the inclusion of follow-up and continuous care are among the most significant elements shared between the interventions in the selected literature.

Conclusion: The defining elements discussed in this review highlight crucial interventional components that provide a foundation for further research to explore and utilize, however much more research is needed to lower the high incidence of FASD.

Keywords: pregnancy, alcohol, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, alcohol exposed pregnancy, prevention, identification, and interventions