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Author ORCID Identifier

Noel Criscione-Naylor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-4964

Executive Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has had rippling effects on a plethora of industries, with outdoor tourism being one of the greatest examples. As United States citizens left their homes, they yearned for their natural resources, leading to a palpable uptake in visitation as public parks reopened. While there is municipal, county, state, and federal lands accessible to visitation, the following commentary is focused specifically on National Wildlife Refuges (Federal). New Jersey is an appropriate case to demonstrate the pros and cons of shared resources, which have been impacted by anthropogenic factors. Additionally, Wildlife Refuges planning, and practices were examined to interpret the role of visitation fees, trail fragmentation, park accessibility, educational value, and guided tours in a federal environment.

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